Golgi apparatus
While passing through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are processed and packed. It also plays an important role in determining the final destination of the protein molecules.
Vacuole
A bubble within the cell, filled with nuclear sap. It plays an important role in maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell, storing minerals and removing waste.
Nucleolus
It is located in the centre of the nucleus. Ribosomes are formed here.
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis takes place in it: the production of sugar from carbon dioxide, with the help of solar energy.
Cell membrane
A lipid membrane that encloses the cell.
Mitochondrion
Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. They are often considered the cells’ power station, since they carry out energy transfer in cells.
Nucleus
It is enclosed by the nuclear membrane. It contains the nucleolus, where ribosomes are produced. The content of the nucleus is made up mostly of chromatin.
Endoplasmic reticulum
A complex, interconnected network of membrane vesicles in the cell, with connected ribosomes, which play a key role in protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in protein synthesis, protein processing, lipid synthesis and the breakdown of certain materials.
Cell wall
It is composed of cellulose and serves to provide defence, maintain the cellular shape and make plant tissues firm.
Chromatin
It is made up of proteins and DNA coiled up on top of them. DNA determines the genetic properties of the cell and the organism built up by these cells.
Typical plant and animal cells exhibit a number of similar features and a number of divergent ones. Both types of cells have nuclei, endoplasmic reticula, that is, a complex network of membrane vesicles, and Golgi apparatuses. They contain cytoskeletons and cytoplasm, which is enclosed by the cell membrane.
Plant cells commonly contain both a vacuole (which is a bubble within the cell, filled with nuclear sap) and photosynthesising chloroplasts. The cell membrane in plant cells is enclosed in a cell wall, made of cellulose.
Animal and plant cells
Plant Cells
Through evolution, unicellular organisms have reached the peak of their development. The appearance of multicellular organisms, which are characterised by cellular organisation, constituted a further step in the development of organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing. Cells engage in biological processes but cell organelles themselves are not living things.
The Anatomy and Development of Plants
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The Anatomy and Development of Plants
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